上海师范大学,上海,200234;
摘要:二战期间作为反法西斯阵营“兵工厂”的美国在全球范围内开辟了多条对外物资援助路线,执行这些线路的运输方式有传统的陆运、海运以及新兴的空运。由于二战前中期的德军在西欧以及地中海地区具有显著的军事优势,加之当时极地飞行的技术不成熟,因此美国另辟蹊径,准备开辟一条从美国南部出发经巴西东北部到非洲西部的跨南大西洋运输航线。对此,美国于正式参战前就与泛美航空开展合作,以“机场发展项目”分别在巴西东北部、非洲西部建设能够满足大规模飞机起降的机场以及相关的配套设施。在准备的过程之中,美国也规划了战后商业航线的版图,并通过航空的“现代形象”提升美国在非洲的国家影响力,但其过于单边与垄断的一些行为却也体现出其霸权主义的一面。
关键词:战略空运;南大西洋;泛美航空;二战
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